ELECTIONS 2008

AMERICA HAS VOTED Barack Obama, unknown to most Americans just four years ago, will become the 44th president and the first African-American president of the United States. Obama, a senator from Illinois, and his running mate Joe Biden will take the oath of office on January 20, 2009. (More from America.gov) Barack Obama (pdf), published by the Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State Listen to the personal story of the next president of the United States. Podcast: Barack Obama Remarks by Barack Obama, President-elect of the United States of America, Chicago, Illinois, November 5, 2008 Remarks by John McCain, Phoenix, Arizona, November 5, 2008 Remarks on the Outcome of the U.S. Presidential Elections, Secretary Condoleezza Rice, November 5, 2008 ( video) Timeline until Inauguration Day, January 20, 2009 December 15, 2008 - Meeting of Electors The electors in each State meet to select the President and Vice President of the United States. December 24, 2008 - Deadline for Receipt of Electoral Votes The President of the Senate, the Archivist of the United States, and other designated Federal and State officials must have the electoral votes in hand. January 6, 2009 - Counting Electoral Votes in Congress The Congress meets in joint session to count the electoral votes (unless Congress passes a law to change the date). January 20, 2009 at Noon - Inauguration The President elect takes the Oath of Office and becomes the U.S. President. (More from Summary of Key Dates, Events & Information, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration)

... Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.
The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted...

RESULTS

• CNN Election Center 2008

President | Senate | House of Representatives | Governors


• The New York Times Election Results

President | Senate | House of Representatives | Governors


• NPR - 2008 Election Map

President | Senate | House of Representatives | Governors

Presidential Transition

• Change.gov, Office of the President-elect
• Inaugural, Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
• 2009 Congressional and Presidential Transition, U.S. Government Accountability Office
• Transition - Forming the Next Government - Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State
• U.S. Presidential Transitions, Electronic Journal, U.S. Department of State, January 2009
  We often read or hear about turmoil before, during, or after elections around the world. An important characteristic of democracy in the United States, however, is the regularly recurring peaceful transfer of power from one president to the next. Americans know when the next presidential election will take place – the Tuesday after the first Monday in November every four years. And power will be transferred to the newly elected (or re-elected) president on January 20 of the following year.
• 2008-2009 Presidential Transition Resources, General Services Administration (GSA) and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
• Transition, Media Note, Office of the Spokesman/U.S. Department of State, November 5, 2008
• Work Begins Immediately for Next U.S. President and His Team, America.gov, November 5, 2008
• Presidential Transitions: Issues Involving Outgoing and Incoming Administrations (pdf), CRS Report, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, October 23, 2008
• Fact Sheet: Ensuring a Smooth and Effective Presidential Transition, The White House, October 28, 2008
• Executive Order: Facilitation of a Presidential Transition, The White House, October 9, 2008

GENERAL INFORMATION

• Federal Election Commission - In 1975, Congress created the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to administer and enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) - the statute that governs the financing of federal elections. The duties of the FEC, which is an independent regulatory agency, are to disclose campaign finance information, to enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions, and to oversee the public funding of Presidential elections.

• U.S. Election Assistance Commission - The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) is an independent, bipartisan commission created by the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002.
  EAC is operating the federal government's first voting system certification program. It issues guidance about HAVA, adopts voluntary voting system guidelines, audits the use of HAVA funds, and provides best practices and resources to election officials throughout the nation.
  EAC also administers a national clearinghouse of information about election administration and maintains the national mail voter registration form.
• 2008 Elections - website compiled by the Foreign Press Centers/U.S. Department of State, with links to sites which provide information on the election process, candidates, political parties, election calendar, elections trivia and news coverage
• 2008 Gubernatorial Elections - listing of the states and territories conducting gubernatorial elections; from the website of the National Governors Association
• Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, April 17, 2000
• Presidential Nominating Process: Current Issues (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, October 24, 2007
• Elections Reform: Overview and Issues (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, updated September 4, 2007
• USA Elections in Brief, Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, posted January 2008
  A background guide to the entire U.S. electoral system, from federal, state, local, and primary elections to related topics such as polling and the role of the parties and the media.
• 2008 Elections, U.S. Census Bureau/U.S. Department of Commerce
  A look at the population, selected characteristics and 2004 voting percentage of each state as it approaches its 2008 primary or caucus.
• The Candidates
  Electronic Journal, published by the Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, October 2008
  Every presidential campaign is dramatic and historic, but as the fervor surrounding the 2008 election continues to build, U.S. voters and the rest of the world will want to consider the candidates' personal histories more closely. What sort of people rise to the top in the U.S. political system, what are their attributes, their sensibilities, and their strengths?
• The Long Campaign: U.S. Elections 2008
  Electronic Journal, published by the Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, October 2007
  This edition of eJournal USA presents an introduction to the upcoming 2008 U.S. elections. In these elections, U.S. voters will have the opportunity to vote for president and vice president, congressional representatives, state and local officials, and ballot initiatives. The journal describes aspects of this election which make it different from most recent elections and includes a pro-con debate of the Electoral College.
• Elections . the American Way - Library of Congress
  website with chapters on candidates, voters, party system, election process and issues
• 2008 Presidential Election - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

ELECTORAL COLLEGE

• The Electoral College,
  Electronic Journal, published by the U.S. Department of State, September 2008
  More than 100 million voters are likely to cast ballots in nationwide U.S. elections November 4. But only 538 men and women will elect the next president of the United States, and those elections will take place in 50 state capitals and in Washington, D.C., December 15. This indirect election system, called the Electoral College and devised in 1787 by the framers of the Constitution, puzzles Americans and non-Americans alike. It reflects the federal governing system of allocating powers not only to a national government and to the people but also to the states. We hope that this issue of eJournal USA will improve your understanding of the historical reasons for the Electoral College system and how it functions.
• Distribution of Electoral Votes - Federal Election Commission
• How the Electoral College Works (pdf) - Election Assistance Commission

Source: The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections, CRS Report for Congress (click here for enlarged version)

• U.S. National Archives & Records Administration
• U.S. Electoral College
• What is the Electoral College?
• Electoral College - Frequently Asked Questions
• Electoral College Calculator
• Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State
• The Electoral College
• "Has the Electoral College Outlived Its Usefulness?" - article from the eJournal "The Long Campaign: U.S. Elections 2008," Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, October 2007
  Two scholars debate the pros and cons of the Electoral College, the system by which each state appoints electors who choose the U.S. president after the popular vote has been cast.
• The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 109th Congress (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, updated March 12, 2007
• The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, updated November 5, 2004

DEBATES

• Commission on Presidential Debates
  The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) was established in 1987 to ensure that debates, as a permanent part of every general election, provide the best possible information to viewers and listeners. Its primary purpose is to sponsor and produce debates for the United States presidential and vice presidential candidates and to undertake research and educational activities relating to the debates. The organization, which is a nonprofit, nonpartisan corporation, sponsored all the presidential debates in 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004.
  
• Debate Transcript: The Third McCain-Obama Presidential Debate, October 15, 2008, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
  U.S. Senator John McCain (AZ), Republican Presidential Nominee,
  U.S. Senator Barack Obama (IL), Democratic Presidential Nominee,
  Bob Schieffer, Moderator



• Debate Transcript: The Second McCain-Obama Presidential Debate, October 7, 2008, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
  U.S. Senator John McCain (AZ), Republican Presidential Nominee,
  U.S. Senator Barack Obama (IL), Democratic Presidential Nominee,
  Tom Brokaw, Moderator



• Debate Transcript: The Biden-Palin Vice Presidential Debate, October 2, 2008, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
  U.S. Senator Joseph R. Biden (DE), Democratic Vice Presidential Nominee,
  Governor Sarah Palin (AK), Republican Vice Presidential Nominee,
  Gwen Ifill, Moderator



• Debate Transcript: The First McCain-Obama Presidential Debate, September 26, 2008, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
  U.S. Senator John McCain (AZ), Republican Presidential Nominee,
  U.S. Senator Barack Obama (IL), Democratic Presidential Nominee,
  Jim Lehrer, Moderator



• Commission on Presidential Debates Hails 2008 Formats as "Historic Breakthrough," September 21, 2008
  Washington, D.C.- Paul G. Kirk, Jr. and Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., the co-chairmen of The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), today announced the finalized formats of the 2008 presidential and vice presidential debates agreed to by the Obama and McCain campaigns, calling them "a breakthrough in the history of televised debates." ... The Commission's presidential debate formats were negotiated prior to the conventions of the major parties. The vice presidential format was negotiated following the vice president selections and was finalized Saturday. ...
• Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Internet Educational Partnership with MySpace, August 6, 2008
  WASHINGTON, D.C. - Paul G. Kirk, Jr. and Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., co-chairmen of the nonpartisan Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) today announced an Internet educational partnership with MySpace for the 2008 general election debates. The project is the result of a ten-month collaboration between the CPD and BBH New York, an advertising and media agency working with the CPD as new media advisor and conceptual partner. A new website, MyDebates.org, will be created to enhance the educational value of the televised debates, engage new audiences, and facilitate ongoing online conversation throughout the general election period.
• Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Moderators, August 5, 2008
  - First presidential debate: Friday, September 26, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, Jim Lehrer, Executive Editor and Anchor, The NewsHour, PBS
  - Vice presidential debate: Thursday, October 2, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, Gwen Ifill, Senior Correspondent, The NewsHour, and Moderator and Managing Editor, Washington Week, PBS
  - Second presidential debate: Tuesday, October 7, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, Tom Brokaw, Special Correspondent, NBC News
  - Third presidential debate: Wednesday, October 15, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, Bob Schieffer, CBS News Chief Washington Correspondent, and Host, Face the Nation
  
• Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election, November 19, 2007
  - First presidential debate: Friday, September 26, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS
  - Vice presidential debate: Thursday, October 2, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
  - Second presidential debate: Tuesday, October 7, Belmont University, Nashville, TN
  - Third presidential debate: Wednesday, October 15, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY
  
• Presidential Debate History and Resources - Poynter Online
  This page lists online resources and books about presidential debates.
• The Great Debate & Beyond: The History of Televised Presidential Debates - The Museum of Broadcast Communications

CRS REPORTS for Congress

• Federal Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: Overview and Policy Options (pdf), August 22, 2008
• Presidential Nominating Process: Current Issues (pdf), updated April 11, 2008
• Presidential Transitions (pdf), updated April 3, 2008
• Election Reform and Local Election Officials: Results of Two National Surveys (pdf), updated February 7, 2008
• Campaign Finance: Legislative Developments and Policy Issues in the 110th Congress (pdf), January 14, 2008
• Presidential Nominating Process: Current Issues (pdf), October 24, 2007

• Campaign Finance: Developments in the 110th Congress (pdf), September 28, 2007
• Elections Reform: Overview and Issues (pdf), updated September 4, 2007
• Public Financing of Congressional Elections: Background and Analysis (pdf), updated July 2, 2007
• Campaign Finance: An Overview (pdf), updated April 20, 2007
• Coordinated Party Expenditures in Federal Elections: An Overview (pdf), April 13, 2007
• The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 109th Congress (pdf), updated March 12, 2007
• The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections (pdf), updated November 5, 2004
• Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer (pdf), April 17, 2000

LEGISLATION

• U.S. Constitutional Provisions (pdf) - U.S. Election Assistance Commission
• Presidential Election Laws - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
• United States Code
• Presidential Elections and Vacancies
• Election of Senators and Representatives
• National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (pdf)
• Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) (pdf)
  The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002 was passed by the United States Congress to make sweeping reforms to the nation's voting process. HAVA addresses improvements to voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election.

• Federal Campaign Finance Laws
• Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
• Senate Election Law Guidebook 2000 (pdf), A Compilation of Senate campaign information, including federal and state laws governing election to the United States Senate
• Election Law - Election Divisions and Election Codes: State Links - National Center for State Courts
• Voting Section - Frequently Asked Questions - U.S. Department of Justice/Civil Rights Division

CAMPAIGN FINANCE

• Federal Election Commission
  • Presidential Campaign Finance
    Campaign finance information for the 2008 Presidential Election via an easy to use map of the USA
  • Receipts of 2008 Presidential Campaigns (pdf)
    Table of receipt totals for all candidates for easier comparisons across campaigns
  • Presidential Campaign Finance Summaries: Current and Historical
    Collection of historical information from previous Presidential elections that provides context for the 2008 campaign
  • Federal Campaign Finance Laws
    The FEC administers and enforces provisions of the Federal Election Campaign Act, Presidential Election Campaign Fund Act and Presidential Primary Matching Payment Account Act. This page provides access not only to those statutes, but also to other documents relevant to federal campaign finance legislation.
  • Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
    Campaign finance legislation enacted in 2002, often referred to as the McCain-Feingold law.
  • Combined Federal/State Disclosure and Election Directory 2007
    This Directory has been prepared as a guidebook to locate and identify organizations and individuals at the state and national level who have a responsibility to disclose information on money in politics.
  • PACronyms - A list of acronyms, abbreviations, initials and common names of federal political action committees (PACs), December 2006 edition
    PACRONYMS, an alphabetical list of acronyms, abbreviations, initials, and common names of federal political action committees (PACs), was prepared to help researchers readily identify committees when their full names are not disclosed on campaign finance reports.
• Campaign Finance: Developments in the 110th Congress (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, September 28, 2007
• Public Financing of Congressional Elections: Background and Analysis (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, updated July 2, 2007
• Campaign Finance: An Overview (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, updated April 20, 2007
• Coordinated Party Expenditures in Federal Elections: An Overview (pdf), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service/Library of Congress, April 13, 2007
• "How the 2008 U.S. Elections Will Be Financed" - article from the eJournal "The Long Campaign: U.S. Elections 2008," Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, October 2007
  Election law expert Jan Witold Baran explains the legal restrictions on campaign contributions from individuals and organizations, describes how campaigns determine expenditures, and discusses private and public funding of presidential elections.
• "Federal Election Commission Regulates Presidential Campaigns - Campaign finance monitoring, public funding top commission's duties," Washington File item, Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, November 5, 2007
• 2008 Presidential Campaign Finance Overview, with Dr. Ben Ginsberg, Partner, Patton Boggs and NBC News Contributor, Washington, D.C., April 13, 2007
• Campaign Finance and the 2008 Presidential Election, with Ciara Torres-Spelliscy, Counsel for Campaign Finance Reform Project, New York University School of Law; and Richard Briffault, Joseph P. Chamberlain Professor of Legislation, Columbia University Law School, New York, New York, April 18, 2007
• Campaign 2008: Campaign Finance - The Washington Post
  This database displays contribution and expenditure totals for the 2008 presidential candidates, based on filings made with the Federal Election Commission.
• CQ MoneyLine: Campaign Finance - Congressional Quarterly Inc.
• opensecrets.org: '08 Presidential Fundraising - The Center for Responsive Politics, a non-partisan, non-profit research group based in Washington, D.C. that tracks money in politics, and its effect on elections and public policy
• Common Cause, a nonpartisan nonprofit advocacy organization founded in 1970
• Campaign Finance eGuides - Campaign Finance Institute, affiliated with The George Washington University

POLITICAL PARTIES

• Republican National Committee

• Republican National Convention, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, September 1-4, 2008
• National Republican Senatorial Committee
  The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) is the only political committee solely dedicated to electing Republicans to the U.S. Senate, and re-taking the majority in 2008.
• National Republican Congressional Committee
  The National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) is a political committee devoted to increasing the 203-member Republican Conference in the U.S. House of Representatives.
• The Democratic Party

• Democratic National Convention, Denver, Colorado, August 25-28, 2008
• Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
  The DSCC's mission is to elect Democrats to the United States Senate. It is the largest organization solely dedicated to electing a Democratic Senate in the country.
• Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
  The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) is the official campaign arm of the Democrats in the House.
• Green Party of the United States
• Reform Party of the United States of America



• "Political Parties in the United States - Two-party system dominating U.S. politics since the 1860s," Washington File item, Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State, January 10, 2007
• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present - United States Senate
• Party Divisions of the House of Representatives (1789 to Present) - Office of the Clerk/U.S. House of Representatives

AMERICA.GOV ITEMS

• 2008 U.S. Voter Turnout on Course to Set Record; November 4, 2008
  Early signs point to highly energized and engaged voting population
• National Ticket Candidates Will Have Jobs Regardless of Vote; November 3, 2008
  Democratic, Republican candidates likely to continue in elected office
• What to Expect as Americans Head to the Polls November 4; October 31, 2008
  Election Day 2008 caps a campaign season nearly two years long
• New U.S. Citizens Prepare to Vote in 2008 Election; October 31, 2008
  First-time voters ready for an Election Day they believe will be historic
• How the Media "Call" the U.S. Presidential Election; October 30, 2008
  Long before results are tallied, the news media will declare a winner
• International Leaders Monitor U.S. Presidential Election; October 30, 2008
  Observers watch Election Day preparations and proceedings
• U.S. Candidates, Voters Remain Focused on the Economy; October 30, 2008
  In last days of campaign, economic rhetoric of both campaigns intensifies
• Population Changes Likely to Influence U.S. Election; October 29, 2008
  Younger, better educated, more diverse electorate could play big role
• Electronic Voting Technology Has Not Won Trust of U.S. Voters; October 28, 2008
  Election analysts decry retreat from electronic voting in United States

Voting booths are set up for early voters in California.

• No Major Shakeup Likely in U.S. Two-Party Political System; October 22, 2008
  Political analysts predict parties will adapt to address new challenges
• McCain, Obama Call for More Engagement with Russia, Europe; October 21, 2008
  Both critical of actions in Georgia but neither sees return to Cold War

The candidates participate in their final debate October 15.

• One-Third of Americans Likely to Vote Before Election Day; October 20, 2008
  Candidates courting voters who cast early or mail-in ballots
• "Youthquake" Expected in 2008 U.S. Election; October 17, 2008
  Young Americans are changing face of politics, news media
• Voters in 11 States Will Elect Governors in 2008; October 16, 2008
  Only eight women currently serve as state chief executives
• Final McCain-Obama Debate Most Contentious of the Three; October 16, 2008
  Candidates describe how their proposals would affect "Joe the plumber"

Democrat Joe Biden says he would help Barack Obama make decisions.

• U.S. Presidential Nominees Market Themselves to Voters; October 7, 2008
  "Branding" techniques help candidates reinforces core message
• Joe Biden, Sarah Palin Highlight Their Political, Personal Roots; October 3, 2008
  Vice presidential candidates use debate to make case for running mates

Republican Sarah Palin stresses her experience dealing with energy issues as governor of Alaska.

• Formula Forecasts Presidential Elections Months in Advance; October 2, 2008
  Method predicted winner of popular vote in last six presidential elections
• The 13 Keys to the White House; October 2, 2008
  Formula covers incumbent administration's performance, economy, candidates
• Record Turnout Likely for 2008 General Election; October 2, 2008
  States offer election resources, voter education, voting options

Barack Obama, during the first presidential debate, faces questions about the turmoil in the U.S. financial sector.

• Economy Remains Central Issue in Presidential Race; September 29, 2008
  Candidates hold fast to platforms, struggle to catch up on current crisis
• U.S. Voters Will Address a Wide Range of Issues on November 4; September 29, 2008
  Direct action through initiatives, referendums common in U.S. elections
• No Clear Winner in First Presidential Debate; September 29, 2008
  John McCain and Barack Obama spar on Iraq, economic issues
• Former Secretaries of State Discuss Future of American Policy; September 26, 2008
  Discussion focuses on challenges, opportunities for next administration

John McCain emphasizes his foreign policy experience in the first presidential debate.

• Candidates Less Available to Press as Election Day Draws Closer; September 25, 2008
  Journalists discuss how presidential nominees interact with news media
• Parties Recruit More Women to Vote Than to Run; September 11, 2008
  Political action committees are getting more women elected
• Republicans Nominate John McCain for President; September 4, 2008
  Vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin gives first national speech
• Barack Obama Accepts Presidential Nomination; August 29, 2008
  Democratic nominee says it is "time to change America"
• John McCain Chooses Alaska Governor as Running Mate; August 29, 2008
  Sarah Palin will be first woman on Republican national ballot

Republican presidential candidate John McCain listens as his running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, speaks in Ohio August 29.

• American Indian Vote Will Be a Factor in Several Swing States; August 28, 2008
  Electoral clout of America's indigenous peoples a fairly new phenomenon
• U.S. Election Helping America's Image Worldwide; August 26, 2008
  Experts offer insights on U.S. public diplomacy efforts
• New U.S. President Unlikely to Alter U.S. Policy Toward Europe; August 25, 2008
  Russia, nuclear weapons are regional focuses for candidates Obama, McCain

Joe Biden speaks with Barack Obama at a rally in Springfield, Illinois, August 23.

• Barack Obama Selects Delaware Senator Joe Biden as Running Mate; August 25, 2008
  Long-serving leader brings years of foreign policy experience to ticket

Barack Obama talks about Iraq in a speech in Washington.

• 2008 Presidential Race Shatters Old Barriers for Candidates; August 5, 2008
  National political scene finally moving past Cold War and Vietnam War eras
• "Pork Barrel" Spending Emerging as Presidential Campaign Issue; August 1, 2008
  Candidates, critics differ on definition of and remedies for the practice

Senator John McCain outlines his foreign policy priorities in a speech in Los Angeles.

• Process of Selecting Vice President Evolved over Centuries; July 11, 2008
  America's earliest running mates often competitors rather than partners
• Vice Presidential Candidate a Political and Personal Decision; July 11, 2008
  Presidential candidates consider many factors when choosing a running mate
• Presidential Spouses Play Important Role in American Politics; July 10, 2008
  Will Cindy McCain or Michelle Obama be the next first lady of the United States?
• Internet Revolutionizes Campaign Fundraising; July 10, 2008
  Successful fundraising efforts appeal to average people online
• Race Relations a Factor in 2008 Presidential Election; June 30, 2008
  Obama-McCain contest brings issue of race to the political forefront
• Many Political Parties Shape U.S. Political Agenda; June 27, 2008
  "Third Party" politics has long history in the United States



• More articles

WEBCHATS

• Elections 2008: The Youth Vote, with Veronica E. De La Garza, independent consultant in the fields of youth civic engagement, Hispanic professional/businesswomen's development and nonprofit management, October 28, 2008
• Online Forum Afghanistan: History of U.S. Elections and Electoral Process, with Allan J. Lichtman, a scholar of quantitative methods and American political history of the late 19th and 20th centuries at American University, October 20, 2008
• Ask America.gov: U.S. Elections 2008, with election expert Michelle Austein, October 7, 2008
• Online Forum Afghanistan: Youth Vote, with Kim Ahern, a delegate from the state of Rhode Island to the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, October 7, 2008
• The New Media Landscape in Campaign 2008, with David D. Perlmutter, a professor in the William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications at the University of Kansas, September 23, 2008
• The New Media Landscape in Campaign 2008, with Kim Ahern, a delegate from Rhode Island to the 2008 Democratic National Convention, and Brian Graham, a delegate from Florida to the 2008 Republican National Convention, September 8, 2008
• Ask America.gov: U.S. Elections 2008, with election expert Michelle Austein, August 5, 2008
• Ask America.gov: U.S. Elections 2008, with election experts Michelle Austein and George Burkes, July 1, 2008
• Ask America.gov: Elections 08, with election experts Michelle Austein and George Burkes, June 3, 2008
• America.gov's U.S. Election Web Page, with election experts Michelle Austein and George Burkes, April 1, 2008
• Elections 2008: Ambassador Tuttle Answers Your Questions, with Robert Tuttle, U.S. Ambassador to London, March 4, 2008
• Immigrants and the 2008 Elections, with Deepa Iyer, lawyer and executive director of South Asian Americans Leading Together (SAALT), February 26, 2008
• Elections 2008: Beyond Super Tuesday, with Ann Stone, an entrepreneur and activist who heads The Stone Group Inc. (TSG); and Thomas F. Schaller, associate professor of political science at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and co-author of Devolution and Black State Legislators, February 14, 2008
• Super Tuesday Program at the Washington Foreign Press Center, with Jonathan Margolis, Deputy Coordinator, Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State; Thomas Mann, Brookings Institution; John Mercurio, The Hotline; John Zogby, Zogby International; and John Fortier, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., February 5, 2008
• Elections 2008: Getting Out the Vote: Text Messages and Political Campaigns, with Matt Bieber, director of mobile community for Mobile Commons, November 19, 2007
• Elections 2008: Women Voters in the United States, with Kellyanne Conway, president and CEO of the polling companyT inc., November 9, 2007
• Elections 2008 - New Voting Technology: Problem or Solution?, with Paul DeGregorio, election expert, November 6, 2007
• Elections 2008: A Fresh Start, with Jerry Hagstrom, American journalist, author and commentator, October 29, 2007
• Elections 2008: Covering the Presidential Campaign, James "Jim" Dickenson, former political reporter, editor and columnist for the Washington Post, the Washington Star, the National Observer and United Press International, October 24, 2007

Foreign Press Center BRIEFINGS

• Youth Vote in 2008, with Karlos Barrios Marcelo, Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) Research Associate, Washington, D.C., October 28, 2008
• The Presidential Elections: The Wall Street Perspective - McCain/Obama Economic Policies, with Maury Harris, Chief U.S. Economist, UBS; David Ressler, Chief U.S. Economist, Nomura Securites; and Kenneth Goldstein, Labor Economist, The Conference Board, New York, New York, October 14, 2008
• Post-Convention, Pre-Debates: A Look at the Race to the White House in Key Battleground States, with Stan Greenberg, Chairman and CEO, Greenberg Quinlan Rosner; and Neil Newhouse, Partner and Co-Founder, Public Opinion Strategies, Washington, D.C., September 16, 2008
• Overview of the Presidential Debates, with Janet Brown, Executive Director, Commission on Presidential Debates, Washington, D.C., August 6, 2008
• Presidential Campaign Update: Overview of the Battleground States & The Key Issues, with Kellyanne Conway, President & CEO, The Polling Company, Inc.; and Jefrey Pollock, President, Global Strategy Group, New York, New York, June 24, 2008
• 2008 Elections - The Latest Post-Primary Overview, with Vaughn Ververs, Senior Political Editor, CBS News, Washington, D.C., June 17, 2008
• The 2008 Elections and the Hispanic Vote, with Susan Minushkin, Deputy Director of the Pew Hispanic Center, Washington, D.C., May 30, 2008
• The Nuts and Bolts of Covering the 2008 National Conventions, with Jerry Gallegos, Superintendent, House Press Gallery; Joe Keenan, Superintendent, Senate Press Gallery and Olga Ramirez Kornacki, Director, Radio-TV Correspondents' Gallery, Washington, D.C., April 1, 2008
• The Race for the Delegates and Super Delegates, with Michael Barone, Senior Writer, U.S. News & World Report, Washington, D.C., February 27, 2008
• Election 2008 - The African American Vote, with Hilary O. Shelton, Director of the NAACP's Washington Bureau; Lorenzo Morris, Professor of Political Science, Howard University, Washington, D.C., February 11, 2008
• Super Tuesday Program at the Washington Foreign Press Center, with Jonathan Margolis, Deputy Coordinator, Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State; Thomas Mann, Brookings Institution; John Mercurio, The Hotline; John Zogby, Zogby International; and John Fortier, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., February 5, 2008
• Preview of the 2008 Presidential Election, with Ari Fleischer, Former Bush-Cheney 2000 & White House Spokesman, New York, New York, December 18, 2007
• 2008 Elections - The Big Picture - 576 Hours Until Iowa, with Chuck Todd, Political Director, NBC News, Washington, D.C., December 10, 2007
• Foreign Relations and Its Impact on the American Voter, with Peter Beinart, Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy, Council on Foreign Relations; and Max Boot, Senior Fellow for National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, D.C., December 4, 2007
• Arab Americans and the Middle East Policy in the 2008 U.S. Elections, with Dr. James Zogby, President of the Arab American Institute, Washington, D.C., November 29, 2007
• 2008 Elections: Campaign 101, with Mike Allen, Chief Correspondent, Politico, Washington, D.C., September 18, 2007
• Campaign Finance and the 2008 Presidential Election, with Ciara Torres-Spelliscy, Counsel for Campaign Finance Reform Project, New York University School of Law; Richard Briffault, Joseph P. Chamberlain Professor of Legislation, Columbia University Law School, New York, New York, April 18, 2007
• 2008 Presidential Campaign Finance Overview, with Ben Ginsberg, Partner, Patton Boggs and NBC News Contributor, Washington, D.C., April 13, 2007



• More briefings

MEDIA SITES

• C-SPAN's Campaign Network
  C-SPAN is a private, non-profit company, created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service.
• Election 2008 - NPR (National Public Radio)

• Election Guide 2008 - The New York Times
• Elections - The Washington Post
• Election Center 2008 - CNN
  • Debates
• Campaign Tracker 2008 - National Journal
• You Choose '08 - YouTube
• The CNN-YouTube Debates
• Campaign 2008 - The Hill
• Campaigns: White House - CQPolitics
• Campaigns & Elections, a monthly magazine covering the business and trends of politics.

BLOGS

• Politics blog: The Caucus - The New York Times
• Politics blog: The Fix, by Chris Cilliza - The Washington Post
• CNN Blog: The Situation Room
• Blog: The Hotline on Call - The National Journal
• ABC News Blog: The Note
• CBS: Blogs Page
• MSNBC News Blog: First Read
• Fox News Channel Blog: Update '08

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS & TRIVIA

• Frequently Asked Questions About Election Day and Voting Procedures - U.S. Election Assistance Commission
• Quick Answers to General Questions - Federal Election Commission
• Bureau of International Information Programs/U.S. Department of State
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Frequently Asked Questions on Political Conventions
• Frequently Asked Questions on the Electoral College
• Glossary
• How did Republicans pick the elephant, and Democrats the donkey, to represent their parties? - C-SPAN: Capitol Questions
• Presidential Quizzes - Grolier Online: The American Presidency
• Trivia - President Elect
• Just for Fun: Presidential Trivia - National Park Service/U.S. Department of the Interior
• POTUS - Presidents of the United States - The Internet Public Library

VOTER TURNOUT & STATISTICS

2004 election results in the contiguous 48 states (source: www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/election/ © 2004 M. T. Gastner, C. R. Shalizi, and M. E. J. Newman)

• U.S. Election Assistance Commission
• Voter Turnout and Statistics
• 2004 Election Day Survey
  In the fall of 2004, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) distributed the first-ever Election Day Survey, requesting voting and elections information from election officials throughout the country.
• 2002 Voter Registration and Turnout Overview (pdf)
• 2000 Voter Registration and Turnout by State (pdf)
• 2000 Voter Registration and Turnout by Age, Gender & Race (pdf)
• Federal Election Commission
• Federal Elections 2006: Election Results for the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives
• U.S. Census Bureau/U.S. Department of Commerce
• Voting and Registration
• Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2004 (pdf), issued March 2006
  This report examines the levels of voting and registration in the November 2004 presidential election, the characteristics of citizens who reported that they were registered for or voted in the election, and the reasons why registered voters did not vote.
• Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2002 (pdf), issued July 2004
• Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2000 (pdf), issued February 2002
• Census 2000 Voting-Age Population and Voting-Age Citizens
• Office of the Clerk/U.S. House of Representatives
  Since 1920, the Clerk of the House has collected and published the official vote counts for federal elections from the official sources among the various states and territories. These documents, out of print for many years, have been collected and scanned in a format to make them once again available to researchers and students.
• Election Statistics
• Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006 (pdf), showing the vote cast for each nominee for United States Senator, Representative, and Delegate to the One Hundred Tenth Congress, together with a recapitulation thereof
• Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 2004 (pdf), showing the hightest vote for Presidential electors, and the vote cast for each nominee for United States Senator, Representative, Resident Commissioner, and Delegate to the One Hundred Ninth Congress, together with a recapitulation thereof, including the electoral vote
• Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002 (pdf)
• Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 2000 (pdf)

South Carolina Certificate of Ascertainment of the 2004 Presidential Election A Certificate of Ascertainment lists the names of the electors chosen by the voters and the number of votes received; and the names of all other candidates for elector and the number of votes received.

• 2004 Presidential Election - Popular Vote Totals
  Votes for individual candidates are as shown on each State's Certificate of Ascertainment.

USEFUL LINKS

• State/Territory Election Websites - Federal Voting Assistance Program/U.S. Department of Defense
• National Association of State Election Directors
• The American Presidency Project - University of California, Santa Barbara
• Presidential Elections
• Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speeches
• Presidential Debates, 1960 - 2008
• US Elections 2008 - Voice of America
• Presidency 2008 - Politics1
  Founded in 1997, Politics1 is published as a non-partisan public service to promote fully informed decision-making by the American electorate.
• Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball - University of Virginia Center for Politics
• Presidential Election - Project Vote Smart
• electionline.org
  a nonpartisan, non-advocacy website providing up-to-the-minute news and analysis on election reform
• The Green Papers
• Election Coverage - Poynter Online
• Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections
• Democracy in Action: P2008 - The Race for the White House
• The Cook Political Report
  The Cook Political Report is an independent, non-partisan newsletter that analyzes elections and campaigns for the US House of Representatives, US Senate, Governors and President as well as American political trends.
• League of Women Voters
  This nonpartisan grassroots organization helps candidates and voters.
• FairVote - The Center for Voting and Democracy
  This organization works to ensure everyone has access to voting.
• 2008 Race Tracker
• RealClearPolitics
  RCP culls and publishes commentary, news, polling data, and links to important resources.
• Rock the Vote
  The nonpartisan organization encourages young people to vote.
• United States Politics and Elections - University Libraries/University at Albany, State University of New York
• The Presidential Elections 1860 - 1912 - website which features political cartoons from Harper's Weekly, Leslie's Illustrated Weekly, Vanity Fair, Puck, Judge, and the Library of Congress Collection of American Political Prints, 1766-1876; and provides explanations of the historical context and images of each cartoon, campaign overviews, biographical sketches, a review of the era's major issues and other information.
• Presidential Election 2008: What Europe Needs to Know - The German Marshall Fund of the United States
• US Election 2008 Web Monitor - Department of New Media Technology, MODUL University Vienna

THINK TANKS

• Campaign 2008 - Council on Foreign Relations
• Foreign Policy and Political Nominating Conventions, by Joanna Klonsky, August 21, 2008
• Foreign Policy Brain Trusts: McCain Advisers, by Robert McMahon, updated August 4, 2008
• Foreign Policy Brain Trusts: Obama's Advisers, by Joanna Klonsky, updated July 21, 2008
• Foreign Policy Brain Trusts: Clinton Advisers, by Toni Johnson, updated June 20, 2008
• Foreign Policy and the 2008 Presidential Nominating Campaigns, by Toni Johnson, updated May 12, 2008
• The Caucus System in the U.S. Presidential Nominating Process, by Joanna Klonsky, March 3, 2008
• The Role of Delegates in the U.S. Presidential Nominating Process, by Joanna Klonsky, updated February 12, 2008
• Pew Research Center
  The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan "fact tank" that provides information on the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world.
• Obama's Black Audience: What Surveys Show About the Attitudes and Priorities of African Americans, by Jodie T. Allen, Senior Editor, Pew Research Center, July 14, 2008
• Tracking the Race Factor, by Anthony G. Greenwald, professor of psychology, University of Washington and Bethany Albertson, assistant professor of political science, University of Washington, revised March 14, 2008
• Young Voters in the 2008 Presidential Primaries, by Scott Keeter, Director of Survey Research, Pew Research Center and an analyst for NBC News, February 11, 2008
• The South Carolina Democratic Primary in Black and White, by Scott Keeter, Director of Survey Research, Pew Research Center and an analyst for NBC News, January 28, 2008
• Race, Ethnicity and Campaign '08 - People. Can We All Get Along?, by Paul Taylor, Executive Vice President, Pew Research Center, January 17, 2008
• The Pew Research Center for the People & the Press
  The Center is an independent opinion research group that studies attitudes toward the press, politics and public policy issues.
• McCain Support Continues Downward Spiral, Obama Leads by 19 Among Those Who Have Already Voted, October 28, 2008
• Liberal Dems Top Conservative Reps in Donations, Activism, October 23, 2008
• Most Voters Say News Media Wants Obama to Win, "Joe the Plumber" a Top Campaign Story, October 22, 2008
• Growing Doubts About McCain's Judgment, Age and Campaign Conduct - Obama's Lead Widens: 52%-38%, October 21, 2008
• Beat the Press: Many Say Press has Been Too Tough on Sarah Palin - Positive Ratings for Coverage of Financial Crisis, October 9, 2008
• Post-Debate: Palin Still Seen as Unqualified, a Bump for Biden, October 6, 2008
• A Word about Debate Impressions, October 4, 2008
• Obama Boosts Leadership Image and Gains Significant Lead Over McCain - Growing Concerns About Palin's Qualifications, October 1, 2008
• McCain's Image Falls as Economic Worries Rise; Public Awaits Debate, September 25, 2008
• The Candidates: In a Word, September 25, 2008
• Cell Phones and the 2008 Vote: An Update, September 23, 2008
• 57% of Public Favors Wall Street Bailout - Obama Seen As Better Able to Address Crisis, September 23, 2008
• Views of Palin Fluid as Spotlight Remains on GOP Ticket - Public Sees Obama Ads Getting More Negative, September 18, 2008
• McCain Gains On Issues, But Stalls As Candidate Of Change - Presidential Race Remains Even, September 18, 2008
• McCain's Image Improves - With Big Assist From Palin - Palin Press Coverage: Fair and Important, September 10, 2008
• After Busy Week, Views of Both Candidates Improve - High Marks for Obama's Speech, September 3, 2008
• Obama's Background Better Known Than His Issue Positions - Biden Pick a Top Campaign Event, August 27, 2008
• A Closer Look at the Parties in 2008 - Convention Backgrounder, August 22, 2008
• Party Time: Democrats Primed To Tune Into Convention, August 21, 2008
• Presidential Race Draws Even - GOP Base Getting Behind McCain, August 13, 2008
• Obama Fatigue - 48% Hearing Too Much About Him - McCain's Ads Seen As Negative, Obama's as Positive, August 6, 2008
• Obama's Trip a Top Campaign Event for Public - 42% Say Campaign Coverage Biased in Favor of Obama, July 31, 2008
• Should Women Worry Obama?, by Juliana Menasce Horowitz, Research Associate, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, July 17, 2008
• Candidates' Policy Positions Still Not Widely Known, July 16, 2008
• Belief that Obama is Muslim is Durable, Bipartisan - But Most Likely to Sway Democratic Votes, by Michael Dimock, Associate Director, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, July 15, 2008
• Likely Rise in Voter Turnout Bodes Well for Democrats - McCain's Enthusiasm Gap, Obama's Unity Gap, July 10, 2008
• More Hear Negative News About Michelle Obama Than Cindy McCain - Coverage of the Candidates' Wives, June 18, 2008
• Most Americans See a Black Nominee as Important for Country - Partisan and Racial Divisions Over Significance of Obama's Win, June 11, 2008
• Many Say Coverage is Biased in Favor of Obama - Primary Wrapup: Even As Obama Controversies Widely Registered, June 5, 2008
• Obama Backers Cool to Clinton as Running Mate - But "Dream Ticket" Draws Support From Key Democratic Blocs, June 4, 2008
• Greater Coverage of McCain, But Public Still Focused on Obama - Most Expect Gas Prices To Reach $5 a Gallon or More, May 28, 2008
• McCain's Negatives Mostly Political, Obama's More Personal - Clinton Backers Cool to Obama - White Female Support in Question, released May 25, 2008
• Public Says Press Should Not Declare Obama the Winner, May 14, 2008
• Democratic Campaign Taking a Toll on Both Obama and Clinton - McCain Stays Under the Radar, May 1, 2008
• Obama's Image Slips, His Lead Over Clinton Disappears - Public Support for Free Trade Declines, released May 1, 2008
• Gen Dems: The Party's Advantage Among Young Voters Widens, April 28, 2008
• Less News is Good News for McCain - 49% Say Network News Anchors Are All About the Same, April 17, 2008
• Campaign News Interest Dips - Awareness of U.S. War Fatalities Rebounds, April 10, 2008
• Robo-Calls Now Top Type Of Campaign Outreach - Wealthy Democratic Donors Now Outnumber Wealthy GOP Donors, April 3, 2008
• Clinton Controversy Heavily Covered but Obama Maintains Visibility Edge - Many Say Economic Reporting Too Negative, April 3, 2008
• Obama Weathers the Wright Storm, Clinton Faces Credibility Problem - National Discontent Approaches 20-Year High, Bush Approval at 28%, released March 27, 2008
• Obama and Wright Controversy Dominate News Cycle - Public Interest in Economic News Reaches 15-Year High, released March 27, 2008
• Campaign Seen as Less Negative than 2004 Contest - Gore, Edwards Endorsements Would Have Modest Impact, released February 21, 2008
• Internet's Broader Role in Campaign 2008 - Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off, released January 11, 2008
• Pew Hispanic Center
  The Pew Hispanic Center is a nonpartisan research organization supported by The Pew Charitable Trusts. Its mission is to improve understanding of the U.S. Hispanic population and to chronicle Latinos' growing impact on the entire nation.
• Latinos Overwhelmingly Support Obama and Democrats in 2008 - Obama is doing better among Hispanics who supported Clinton than he is among non-Hispanic white Clinton supporters, by Mark Hugo Lopez, Associate Director, and Susan Minushkin, Deputy Director, Pew Hispanic Center, July 24, 2008
• Hispanics in the 2008 Election: Puerto Rico, May 29, 2008
• Hispanics in the 2008 Election: The Hispanic Vote in the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primaries, March 7, 2008
• Hispanics and the 2008 Election: A Swing Vote?, by Paul Taylor, Executive Vice President, Pew Research Center and Richard Fry, Senior Research Associate, December 6, 2007
• Project for Excellence in Journalism
  The Project for Excellence in Journalism is a research organization that specializes in using empirical methods to evaluate and study the performance of the press.
• Swing States Sway Campaign Media, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, October 28, 2008
• Canvassing Campaign Media: An Analysis of Time, Tone and Topics, October 22, 2008
• Polls and Plumbers Drive Narrative, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, October 21, 2008
• Campaign Tactics and Tone Trump Economy in Media Narratives, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, October 15, 2008
• Did Campaign Coverage Move off the Economy? You Betcha!, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, October 7, 2008
• How the Media Has Handled Palin's Faith, by Jesse Holcomb, Research Analyst, Project for Excellence in Journalism, September 22, 2008
• Palin Comparison: Half of Campaign Storylines Revolve around GOP VP, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, September 16, 2008
• McCain Vs. Obama on the Web - Engagement and Participation, September 15, 2008
• Northern Exposure: Palin Dominates Campaign Coverage - McCain Finally Gets More Coverage Than Obama, But Couldn't Top His VP, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, September 9, 2008
• Denver and Palin Fuel Biggest Campaign Week Yet, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, September 3, 2008
• Convention Buzz: A Split Decision, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, August 28, 2008
• It's All Veepstakes All the Time, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, August 26, 2008
• Comeback Kids: Clintons Return to Campaign Coverage, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, August 12, 2008
• Spears and Hilton Raise McCain Coverage Even With Obama, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, August 5, 2008
• Obama's Trip Consumes Coverage - But not all of the coverage was flattering, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, July 29, 2008
• Gaffe Coverage: Jackson Tops Gramm, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, July 15, 2008
• Coverage Turns To Issues, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, June 18, 2008
• Character and the Primaries of 2008, May 29, 2008
• Mac's Back in Media Spotlight - The Arizona senator had his highest level of press coverage since week of Super Tuesday, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, May 28, 2008
• Edwards Rewrites the Election Story Line - Almost 40% of coverage reinforced the idea that the Democratic race was over, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, May 20, 2008
• Media Know Who It's "Gonna Be", by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, May 13, 2008
• The Wright Stuff: Obama's Pastor Corrals Campaign Coverage, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, May 6, 2008
• A Complex Speech Challenges the Media, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, March 25, 2008
• Racial Tensions Roil Democrats' Media Narrative, by Mark Jurkowitz, Associate Director, Project for Excellence in Journalism, March 18, 2008
• Religious Groups' Presidential Candidate Preferences, by Dan Cox and Gregory Smith, November 7, 2007
• The Invisible Primary - Invisible no Longer: A First Look at Coverage of the 2008 Presidential Campaign, A study by the Project for Excellence in Journalism and the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, October 29, 2007
• Pew Internet & American Life Project
• The Internet and the 2008 Election, by Aaron Smith and Lee Rainie, June 15, 2008
• Religion & Politics '08 - The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
• The Religious Vote: Much like 2004, but Economic Concerns Now Top Social Issues, October 2, 2008
• Both McCain and Obama Favor Expanding Faith-Based Initiatives, September 29, 2008
• Palin Nomination Puts Spotlight on Pentecostalism, by Gregory Smith, Research Fellow, Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life September 12, 2008
• More Americans Question Religion's Role in Politics, Some Social Conservative Disillusionment, August 21, 2008
• McCain's Lead Among Evangelicals Smaller than Bush's in '04, Religiously Unaffiliated Voters Strongly Favor Democratic Candidate, by Allison Pond, Research Associate, Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, July 17, 2008
• Running on Faith, Study Finds Media Coverage of Religion in Primary Campaign Rivaled That of Race and Gender Combined, July 10, 2008
• The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania
• American public still has much to learn about presidential candidates' issue positions as campaign end draws near, Annenberg Survey shows (pdf), October 29, 2008
• Over one in nine citizens have already voted, Annenberg Survey shows (pdf), October 29, 2008
• American public has much to learn about presidential candidates' issue positions, National Annenberg Election Survey shows (pdf), September 26, 2008
• Support for the presidential ticket and identification with party predicted convention speech viewing (pdf), September 12, 2008
• Republicans and independents are more likely to think the United States is ready to elect a president who is a woman now that Governor Sarah Palin is Senator John McCain's running mate, according to the National Annenberg Election Survey (pdf), September 9, 2008
• 18- to 29-year-olds more likely to be liberal and less likely to follow presidential campaign very closely, Annenberg survey shows (pdf), July 17, 2008
• Public Sees Different Strengths and Weaknesses in Democratic Contenders (pdf), May 6, 2008
• Media Fairness? It's in the Eye of the Beholder, National Annenberg Election Survey Data Show (pdf), May 1, 2008
• Satisfaction with Presidential Primary Process Dropping Among Both Parties, Annenberg Data Show (pdf), April 10, 2008
• Internet as Political Information Tool Popular, But Television Still Dominates, Annenberg Survey Finds (pdf), March 28, 2008
• Americans Following Presidential Campaign More Closely Than In 2004, Annenberg Data Show (pdf), March 24, 2008
• Endorsements Don't Sway the Public - With a Few Exceptions (pdf), March 5, 2008
• The Century Foundation, a nonprofit public policy research institution
• Youth Vote 2008 (pdf), by Kristen J. Oshyn and Tova Andrea Wang, September 7, 2007